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Compare Svalbard (2005) - Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) (2001)
Compare Svalbard (2005) z Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) (2001)
| Svalbard (2005) | Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) (2001) | |
 | -2001-bmala.jpg) | |
| Administrative divisions | - | none (overseas territory of the UK; also claimed by Argentina) |
| Age structure | 0-14 years: NA
15-64 years: NA 65 years and over: NA |
0-14 years:
NA% 15-64 years: NA% 65 years and over: NA% |
| Agriculture - products | - | fodder and vegetable crops; sheep, dairy products |
| Airports | 4 (2004 est.) | 5 (2000 est.) |
| Airports - with paved runways | total: 2
1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 914 to 1523 m: 1 (2004 est.) |
total:
2 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 under 914 m: 1 (2000 est.) |
| Airports - with unpaved runways | total: 2
under 914 m: 2 (2004 est.) |
total:
3 under 914 m: 3 (2000 est.) |
| Area | total: 62,049 sq km
land: 62,049 sq km water: 0 sq km note: includes Spitsbergen and Bjornoya (Bear Island) |
total:
12,173 sq km land: 12,173 sq km water: 0 sq km note: includes the two main islands of East and West Falkland and about 200 small islands |
| Area - comparative | slightly smaller than West Virginia | slightly smaller than Connecticut |
| Background | First discovered by the Norwegians in the 12th century, the islands served as an international whaling base during the 17th and 18th centuries. Norway's sovereignty was recognized in 1920; five years later it officially took over the territory. | Although first sighted by an English navigator in 1592, the first landing (English) did not occur until almost a century later in 1690, and the first settlement (French) was not established until 1764. The colony was turned over to Spain two years later and the islands have since been the subject of a territorial dispute, first between Britain and Spain, then between Britain and Argentina. The UK asserted its claim to the islands by establishing a naval garrison there in 1833. Argentina invaded the islands on 2 April 1982. The British responded with an expeditionary force that landed seven weeks later and after fierce fighting forced Argentine surrender on 14 June 1982. |
| Birth rate | NA births/1,000 population | NA births/1,000 population |
| Budget | revenues: $11.5 million
expenditures: $11.5 million, including capital expenditures of NA (1998 est.) |
revenues:
$66.2 million expenditures: $67.9 million, including capital expenditures of $23.2 million (FY98/99 est.) |
| Capital | Longyearbyen | Stanley |
| Climate | arctic, tempered by warm North Atlantic Current; cool summers, cold winters; North Atlantic Current flows along west and north coasts of Spitsbergen, keeping water open and navigable most of the year | cold marine; strong westerly winds, cloudy, humid; rain occurs on more than half of days in year; occasional snow all year, except in January and February, but does not accumulate |
| Coastline | 3,587 km | 1,288 km |
| Constitution | - | 3 October 1985; amended 1997 and 1998 |
| Country name | conventional long form: none
conventional short form: Svalbard (sometimes referred to as Spitzbergen) |
conventional long form:
none conventional short form: Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) |
| Currency | - | Falkland pound (FKP) |
| Death rate | NA deaths/1,000 population | NA deaths/1,000 population |
| Debt - external | - | $NA |
| Dependency status | territory of Norway; administered by the Polar Department of the Ministry of Justice, through a governor (sysselmann) residing in Longyearbyen, Spitsbergen; by treaty (9 February 1920) sovereignty was awarded to Norway | overseas territory of the UK; also claimed by Argentina |
| Diplomatic representation from the US | - | none (overseas territory of the UK; also claimed by Argentina) |
| Diplomatic representation in the US | - | none (overseas territory of the UK; also claimed by Argentina) |
| Disputes - international | despite recent discussions, Russia and Norway dispute their maritime limits in the Barents Sea and Russia's fishing rights beyond Svalbard's territorial limits within the Svalbard Treaty zone | claimed by Argentina |
| Economic aid - recipient | $8.2 million from Norway (1998) | $1.7 million (1995) |
| Economy - overview | Coal mining is the major economic activity on Svalbard. The treaty of 9 February 1920 gives the 41 signatories equal rights to exploit mineral deposits, subject to Norwegian regulation. Although US, UK, Dutch, and Swedish coal companies have mined in the past, the only companies still mining are Norwegian and Russian. The settlements on Svalbard are essentially company towns. The Norwegian state-owned coal company employs nearly 60% of the Norwegian population on the island, runs many of the local services, and provides most of the local infrastructure. There is also some hunting of seal, reindeer, and fox. | The economy was formerly based on agriculture, mainly sheep farming, but today fishing contributes the bulk of economic activity. In 1987 the government began selling fishing licenses to foreign trawlers operating within the Falklands exclusive fishing zone. These license fees total more than $40 million per year, which goes to support the island's health, education, and welfare system. Squid accounts for 75% of the fish taken. Dairy farming supports domestic consumption; crops furnish winter fodder. Exports feature shipments of high-grade wool to the UK and the sale of postage stamps and coins. To encourage tourism, the Falkland Islands Development Corporation has built three lodges for visitors attracted by the abundant wildlife and trout fishing. The islands are now self-financing except for defense. The British Geological Survey announced a 200-mile oil exploration zone around the islands in 1993, and early seismic surveys suggest substantial reserves capable of producing 500,000 barrels per day; to date no exploitable site has been identified. An agreement between Argentina and the UK in 1995 seeks to defuse licensing and sovereignty conflicts that would dampen foreign interest in exploiting potential oil reserves. |
| Electricity - consumption | - | 11.2 million kWh (1999) |
| Electricity - exports | - | 0 kWh (1999) |
| Electricity - imports | - | 0 kWh (1999) |
| Electricity - production | - | 12 million kWh (1999) |
| Electricity - production by source | - | fossil fuel:
100% hydro: 0% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (1999) |
| Elevation extremes | lowest point: Arctic Ocean 0 m
highest point: Newtontoppen 1,717 m |
lowest point:
Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point: Mount Usborne 705 m |
| Environment - current issues | NA | NA |
| Ethnic groups | Norwegian 55.4%, Russian and Ukrainian 44.3%, other 0.3% (1998) | British |
| Exchange rates | Norwegian kroner per US dollar - 6.7408 (2004), 7.0802 (2003), 7.9838 (2002), 8.9917 (2001), 8.8018 (2000) | Falkland pounds per US dollar - 0.6764 (January 2001), 0.6596 (2000), 0.6180 (1999), 0.6037 (1998), 0.6106 (1997), 0.6403 (1996); note - the Falkland pound is at par with the British pound |
| Executive branch | chief of state: King HARALD V of Norway (since 17 January 1991)
head of government: Governor Odd Olsen INGERO (since 8 June 2001) and Assistant Governor Rune Baard HANSEN (since NA) elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; governor and assistant governor responsible to the Polar Department of the Ministry of Justice |
chief of state:
Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952) head of government: Governor Donald LAMONT (since NA May 1999); Chief Executive A. M. GURR (since NA); Financial Secretary D. F. HOWATT (since NA) cabinet: Executive Council; three members elected by the Legislative Council, two ex officio members (chief executive and the financial secretary), and the governor elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; governor appointed by the monarch |
| Exports | $NA | $7.6 million (1995) |
| Exports - commodities | - | wool, hides, meat |
| Exports - partners | - | UK, Japan, Chile, NZ |
| Fiscal year | - | 1 April - 31 March |
| Flag description | the flag of Norway is used | blue with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and the Falkland Island coat of arms in a white disk centered on the outer half of the flag; the coat of arms contains a white ram (sheep raising is the major economic activity) above the sailing ship Desire (whose crew discovered the islands) with a scroll at the bottom bearing the motto DESIRE THE RIGHT |
| GDP | - | purchasing power parity - $52 million (FY95/96 est.) |
| GDP - composition by sector | - | agriculture:
NA% industry: NA% services: NA% |
| GDP - per capita | - | purchasing power parity - $19,000 (FY95/96 est.) |
| GDP - real growth rate | NA% | 1% (FY95/96 est.) |
| Geographic coordinates | 78 00 N, 20 00 E | 51 45 S, 59 00 W |
| Geography - note | northernmost part of the Kingdom of Norway; consists of nine main islands; glaciers and snowfields cover 60% of the total area | deeply indented coast provides good natural harbors; short growing season |
| Highways | total: NA km
paved: NA km unpaved: NA km |
total:
440 km paved: 50 km unpaved: 390 km |
| Household income or consumption by percentage share | - | lowest 10%:
NA% highest 10%: NA% |
| Imports | $NA | $24.7 million (1995) |
| Imports - commodities | - | fuel, food and drink, building materials, clothing |
| Imports - partners | - | UK, Japan, Chile, NZ |
| Independence | none (territory of Norway) | none (overseas territory of the UK; also claimed by Argentina) |
| Industrial production growth rate | - | NA% |
| Industries | - | wool and fish processing; sale of stamps and coins |
| Infant mortality rate | total: NA
male: NA female: NA |
NA deaths/1,000 live births |
| Inflation rate (consumer prices) | - | 3.6% (1998) |
| International organization participation | none | ICFTU |
| Internet Service Providers (ISPs) | - | 2 (2000) |
| Irrigated land | NA sq km | NA sq km |
| Judicial branch | - | Supreme Court (chief justice is a nonresident); Magistrates Court (senior magistrate presides over civil and criminal divisions) |
| Labor force | NA | 1,100 (est.) |
| Labor force - by occupation | - | agriculture 95% (mostly sheepherding and fishing) |
| Land boundaries | 0 km | 0 km |
| Land use | arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (no trees, and the only bushes are crowberry and cloudberry) (2001) |
arable land:
0% permanent crops: 0% permanent pastures: 99% forests and woodland: 0% other: 1% (1993 est.) |
| Languages | Norwegian, Russian | English |
| Legal system | NA | English common law |
| Legislative branch | - | unicameral Legislative Council (10 seats - 2 ex officio, 8 elected by popular vote, members serve four-year terms) presided over by the governor
elections: last held 9 October 1997 (next to be held NA October 2001) election results: percent of vote - NA%; seats - independents 8 |
| Life expectancy at birth | total population: NA years
male: NA years female: NA years |
total population:
NA years male: NA years female: NA years |
| Literacy | NA | - |
| Location | Northern Europe, islands between the Arctic Ocean, Barents Sea, Greenland Sea, and Norwegian Sea, north of Norway | Southern South America, islands in the South Atlantic Ocean, east of southern Argentina |
| Map references | Arctic Region | South America |
| Maritime claims | territorial sea: 4 nm
exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm unilaterally claimed by Norway but not recognized by Russia |
continental shelf:
200 NM exclusive fishing zone: 200 NM territorial sea: 12 NM |
| Merchant marine | - | none (2000 est.) |
| Military - note | demilitarized by treaty on 9 February 1920 | defense is the responsibility of the UK |
| Military branches | - | British Forces Falkland Islands (includes Army, Royal Air Force, Royal Navy, and Royal Marines), Police Force |
| Military expenditures - dollar figure | - | $NA |
| Military expenditures - percent of GDP | - | NA% |
| National holiday | NA | Liberation Day, 14 June (1982) |
| Nationality | - | noun:
Falkland Islander(s) adjective: Falkland Island |
| Natural hazards | ice floes often block the entrance to Bellsund (a transit point for coal export) on the west coast and occasionally make parts of the northeastern coast inaccessible to maritime traffic | strong winds persist throughout the year |
| Natural resources | coal, iron ore, copper, zinc, phosphate, wildlife, fish | fish, wildlife |
| Net migration rate | NA migrant(s)/1,000 population | NA migrant(s)/1,000 population |
| Political parties and leaders | - | none; all independents |
| Political pressure groups and leaders | - | none |
| Population | 2,701 (July 2005 est.) | 2,895 (July 2001 est.) |
| Population below poverty line | - | NA% |
| Population growth rate | -0.02% (2005 est.) | 2.43% (2001 est.) |
| Ports and harbors | Barentsburg, Longyearbyen, Ny-Alesund, Pyramiden | Stanley |
| Radio broadcast stations | AM 1, FM 1 (plus 2 repeaters), shortwave 0 (1998) | AM 1, FM 7, shortwave 0 (1998) |
| Radios | - | 1,000 (1997) |
| Railways | - | 0 km |
| Religions | - | primarily Anglican, Roman Catholic, United Free Church, Evangelist Church, Jehovah's Witnesses, Lutheran, Seventh-Day Adventist |
| Sex ratio | NA% | - |
| Suffrage | - | 18 years of age; universal |
| Telephone system | general assessment: probably adequate
domestic: local telephone service international: country code - 47-790; satellite earth station - 1 of unknown type (for communication with Norwegian mainland only) |
general assessment:
NA domestic: government-operated radiotelephone and private VHF/CB radiotelephone networks provide effective service to almost all points on both islands international: satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) with links through London to other countries |
| Telephones - main lines in use | NA | NA |
| Telephones - mobile cellular | NA | NA |
| Television broadcast stations | NA | 2 (operated by the British Forces Broadcasting Service) (1997) |
| Terrain | wild, rugged mountains; much of high land ice covered; west coast clear of ice about one-half of the year; fjords along west and north coasts | rocky, hilly, mountainous with some boggy, undulating plains |
| Total fertility rate | NA children born/woman | NA children born/woman |
| Unemployment rate | - | full employment; labor shortage |
| Waterways | - | none |
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